This is technical and is meant for photographers who are serious about their art.
White Balance: Use a gray card to set the white balance. Do this after you setup your lights and before you take your first shot
ISO: International Standardization organization. In old school, it has to do with the film speed. How fast the film when exposed to light reacts. The higher the number, the faster the film speed. In digital photography, after a point, higher ISO also means more grain in your images
Shutter speed: The length of time that your camera shutter is open to capture light. Given in seconds.
fStop: the aperture or opening in your lens that increases or decreases the amount of light that is allowed into the camera. This number is counter intuitive. The higher the number, the less light is admitted to the camera. So another words, an f2 aperture admits more light than f16.